Surveying is the art of determining the relative positions of various points on, above, or below the surface of the earth using direct or indirect measurements of distance, direction, and elevation. As per CMR-2017, every mine plan should have the name of the mine an....
Stowing is a method in which the goal is completely packed with incombustible material like sand or fly ash etc. and is generally practiced where it is necessary to keep the surface and strata above the seam intact. Sand-stowing was practiced for the first time in th....
In underground mining, a common term is mine face where the mining work is being advanced. Face machinery plays an important role in coal production. The most common face machinery used in underground mines is a side discharge loader (SDL), Load haul dump machine (LH....
Haulage arrangement is that which operates between the working faces and the main loading points. A hoist or winder is used to raise and lower the man & materials. The transport system must be designed, considering the many other elements of the
mining operation....
In underground coal mines are much more dangerous, as it incorporates the risky fumes and the hazardous gases that may be present in an influential quantity that can have physiological effects on the human body and can even be lethal. Timely Detection of these hazard....
First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person suffering from either a minor or serious illness or injury. As per mines rule Every underground mine shall be adequate and suitable arrangements are made for the speedy removal from the mine to a dis....
To protect personnel by preventing or controlling access to hazards in work areas by the installation and maintenance of barricades, demarcation, and restricting access.
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Coal by nature creates sedimentary rock with shale and sandstone. These sedimentary rocks in roofs create cleats and cracks naturally or due to mining. With time, moisture, and air contact or after blasting these cracks and cleats loosen which creates safety risk a....
Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut a hole of circular cross-section in solid materials. Mining drilling is used for two main purposes:
1. exploration drilling which aims to identify the location and quality of a mineral
2. ....
Underground mining involves opening one or more portals or shafts into the earth that follow or intercept coal seams that are too deep for surface mining methods. Method of Work is Bord & Pillar method & longwall method for extraction of coal.
There are t....